Friday, December 27, 2019

How Many Moles of C Atoms Are in 1 mol of Sucrose

One of the first questions youll encounter when working with moles will ask you to determine the relationship between number of atoms in a compound and the number of moles (mol). (To refresh your memory, the mole is the SI unit identifying the number of particles in a given amount of matter.) For example, how many moles of carbon (C) atoms are in 1 mole of table sugar (sucrose)? The chemical formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. When you are given a chemical formula, each one- or two-letter symbol stands for an element. C is carbon, H is hydrogen, and O is oxygen. The subscripts following each element symbol indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule. So, 1 mole of sucrose contains 12 moles of carbon atoms, 22 moles of hydrogen atoms, and 11 moles of oxygen atoms. When you are talking about 1 mole of sucrose, its the same as saying 1 mole of sucrose atoms, so there are Avogadros number of atoms in one mole of sucrose (or carbon, or anything measured in moles). There are 12 moles of C atoms in 1 mole of sucrose.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Usage Of Restriction Enzymes Of Dna Fingerprinting

Usage of Restriction Enzymes in DNA Fingerprinting Analysis Jaclyn Napoli October 30, 2014 Cellular Processes Lab BSC 2010L.905 Lab Partner: Jessi Grillo Material and Methods To start off the experiment, 4 microtest tubes were labeled reaction tube 1 through 4. Using a micropipette, 10 microliters, ul, of Enzyme Reaction Buffer was dispensed into each of the 4 labeled reaction tubes. In reaction tubes 1 and 2, 15 ul of suspect 1’s DNA was added. Reaction tube 1 had 15 ul of Enzyme 1 added to it, and reaction tube 2 had 15 ul of Enzyme 2 added to it. 15 ul of suspect 2’s DNA as added to reaction tubes 3 and 4. In reaction tube 3, 15 ul of Enzyme 1 was added. Then, in reaction tube 4, 15 ul of Enzyme 2 was added. Finally, 2 more microtest tubes were labeled as crime scene samples. The samples contained DNA from the crime scene and each the tubes had either Enzyme 1 or Enzyme 2 added to it. The microtest tubes were then capped and tapped lightly to allow the ingredients to mix. The reaction tubes were submerged in a 37 °C, ice water, for 45 minutes. Once complete, 5 ul of 10x gel loading solution was added to all 6 of the microtest tubes. Ref er to Table 1 for a quick overview. Table 1 Summary for Restriction Enzyme Digestion Process. While the tubes were being cooled, a casting gel was made. The cast was made by combining 0.5 grams, g, of agarose and 50 milliliters, ml, of TBE buffer into a 250 ml flask. The TA added ethidium bromide to the solution to allowShow MoreRelatedCrime Scene Samples With Gel Electrophoresis1181 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Suspect DNA to Crime Scene Samples with Gel Electrophoresis Christopher Davis Lab Partners: Jessica Roubert and Aishat Alimi TA: Tam-Anh Phan BSC 2010L Section: 033 November 1, 2014 Materials and Methods Restriction Enzyme Digest and Preparation of the DNA Samples Four microcentrifuge tubes were placed in a rack, labeled and numbered, in order to identify the group and the DNA/restriction enzyme that it held. Each of the tubes initially received 10 microliters of reaction bufferRead MoreDna Fingerprinting : A Method Of Dna Analysis Used By Forensic Scientists2462 Words   |  10 PagesRoughly speaking, DNA Fingerprinting is a method of DNA analysis used by Forensic Scientists to help solve crimes. This technique was first discovered by Professor Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester in 1984, when he found that DNA varies in each human being, and makes us unique. DNA could be retrieved from hair, blood and saliva amongst other things such as skin and semen. DNA fingerprinting works on the basis that each individual s DNA structure – also known as the genetic make-up ofRead MoreSolving Cases with Forensic DNA Analysis975 Words   |  4 PagesForensic DNA analysis is still a relatively new method that has been used to solve cases such as crimes and paternity tests. This method of forensic evaluation is examined by using genetic material, DNA, an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid. Although each individual’s DNA differs from someone else’s, with the exception of identical twins, around 99.9% of DNA is the same in each person (The FBI DNA Laboratory). Therefore, in order to identify the genetic profile of the individual being analyzedRead MorePaternity Testing And Paternity Test1546 Words   |  7 Pagesalso use in court order for cases, like the mother trying to get child support or if the father asking for verification that the child is indeed their own. This test began on a blood typing testing, but later on Alec Jeffrey’s discovered the DNA fingerprinting, which started the use of paternity test in 1988. The paternity test called ABO is one the most popular test done. The abbreviations stands for A (Allele), B (allele for Codominant), and O for (allele Recessive). Allele’s are types of genesRead MoreHow Technology Has Impacted Criminal Investigation Essay2211 Words   |  9 Pagesatmosphere and reduces the rate of crime. Technology is the usage and knowledge of techniques or is systems of these things. Usage of technology in the criminal justice system is not new but more apparent today. Technology in criminal justice will continue to challenge us to think about how we turn information into knowledge. Due to new technology, criminal investigations are able to maintain and improve their processes. Forensic science, DNA, other and future technology has all had a tremendous impactRead MoreBiometric Security System : Amity School Of Engineering3521 Words   |  15 PagesDEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY †¢ BENEFITS ïÆ' ¼ INTRODUCTION †¢ DETAILED OVERVIEW ïÆ' ¼ HISTORY ïÆ' ¼ TYPES OF METHODS USED FOR SECURITY †¢ TRADITIONAL METHODS ï  ¶ PINCODE SECURITY ï  ¶ PASSWORD SECURITY †¢ MODERN METHODS ï  ¶ PHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS †¢ RETINAL SCAN †¢ FINGERPRINTING †¢ DNA †¢ IRIS ï  ¶ BEHAVIORAL METHODS †¢ VOICE/PITCH †¢ SIGNATURE ïÆ' ¼ ADVANTAGES ïÆ' ¼ APPLICATIONS ïÆ' ¼ CONCLUSION ïÆ' ¼ REFERENCES ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: OUR MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO STUDY THE MEANING AND TYPES OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS THAT ARE USED TO VERIFY THE AUTHENTICATION

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Brainstorming and Ideas Essay Sample free essay sample

What is Brainstorming?* Brainstorming is a tool used by squads to convey out the thoughts of each person and show them in an orderly manner to the remainder of the squad. * Brainstorming creates new thoughts. solves jobs. motivates and develops squads. Brainstorming motivates because it involves members of a squad in bigger direction issues. and it gets a squad working together. However. brainstorming is non merely a random activity. Brainstorming demands to be structured and it follows brainstorming regulations. The brainstorming procedure is described below. for which you will necessitate a flip-chart or alternate. * This is important as Brainstorming demands to affect the squad. which means that everyone must be able to see what’s go oning. Brainstorming places a important load on the facilitator to pull off the procedure. people’s engagement and sensitivenesss. and so to pull off the follow up actions. Use Brainstorming good and you will see first-class consequences in bettering the organisation. public presentation. and developing the squad. Why should a squad make Brainstorming? Brainstorming helps a squad interruption free of old and uneffective thoughts. This free-wheeling technique for bring forthing thoughts may bring forth some that seem crazy. but it can take to new and original solutions to jobs. Some of the specific benefits of Brainstorming: * Encourages creativeness. It expands your thought to include all facets of a job or a solution. You can place a broad scope of options. * Quickly produces a big figure of thoughts. By promoting people to offer whatever thoughts come to mind. it helps groups develop many thoughts rapidly. * Equalizes engagement by all squad members. It provides anon-judgmental environment that encourages everyone to offer thoughts. All thoughts are recorded. * Stephen fosters a sense of ownership. Having all members actively take part in the Brainstorming procedure Fosters a sense of ownership in the subject discussed and in the resulting activities. When the people on a squad contribute personally to the way of a determination. they are more likely to back up it. * Provides input to other tools. You may desire to affinitize the brainstormed thoughts. And. if appropriate. you can work with the squad to cut down the figure of thoughts by Multi-voting. Brainstorming is utile when you want to bring forth a big figure of thoughts about issues to undertake. possible causes of jobs. attacks to utilize. or actions to take. What are the land regulations for Brainstorming?For all participants to bask a originative and productive Brainstorming experience. the facilitator needs to reexamine and acquire team members’ buy-in on the land regulations for the session. These are the regulations: * Active engagement by all squad members. Everyone expresses his or her thoughts. even if they seem silly or far out. * No discussion—criticisms. regards. or other comments—during the insight. * Build on thoughts generated by other squad members. * All thoughts written precisely as presented and displayed where everyone can see them. * Set a clip bound.* Clarify thoughts. After the insight. travel over the list to do certain that all squad members understand the thoughts. Remember that you are merely clear uping the thoughts. non doing judgements about them. * Combine thoughts. See whether two or more thoughts that appear to be the same can be combined. How is a Brainstorming session conducted? The recommended sequence for carry oning Brainstorming and some suggestions for carry oning the session efficaciously are provided below: * Review the regulations for Brainstorming. Describe how this session will be conducted by traveling over the points below. * Set a clip bound for Brainstorming. delegate a timer and informations recording equipment. and get down the clock. Brainstorming should be a rapid coevals of thoughts. so make it rapidly ; 5-15 proceedingss works good. If the clip bound has expired and thoughts are still being generated. you can widen the clip bound at five-minute intervals. * State the subject to be brainstormed in the signifier of a inquiry. Write it down and post it where everyone can mention to it. Guarantee that everyone understands it. * Collect everyone’s thoughts. After leting a few proceedingss for the participants to believe about the inquiry. inquire them to give their thoughts. Establish either a structured or unstructured format for namin g out thoughts: * Structured: The facilitator establishes a rotary motion that enables each individual in the group to lend an thought in bend. Any single who is non ready with an thought when his or her bend comes can go through until the following unit of ammunition. when he or she may offer an thought or base on balls once more. * Unstructured: Team members call out thoughts as they come to mind. This method calls for close monitoring by the facilitator to implement the land regulations and guarantee that all squad members have a opportunity to take part. * Record thought on a chart battalion as they are called out. or cod thoughts written by squad members on Post-Its. Expose the thoughts where everyone can see them. Having the words seeable to everyone at the same clip avoids misunderstanding and duplicate and helps excite originative thought by other squad members. * When entering thoughts. guarantee that they are written down precisely as spoken by the squad member. Don’t interpret. * Clarify each thought after all thoughts have been presented. to guarantee that all members have the same apprehension of it. Indicating to each thought on the chart battalion in bend. inquire the participants whether they have any inquiries about its significance. You may hold to inquire the subscriber to explicate the thought in a different manner. * Eliminate duplicates. If two or mo re thoughts appear to intend the same thing. you should seek to unite them or extinguish the extras. Before you can wrap the similar thoughts into a individual point or extinguish any points on the list. all of those who contributed the similar thoughts must hold that they mean the same thing. Otherwise. they remain as separate points. Brainstorming Techniques * Clustering1. Get down with the chief subject of your essay. Write that word in the centre of your paper. 2. Write down any sub-topics that are connected to that chief subject. Draw arrows to the sub-topics from the chief subject. 3. If you have new thoughts. connect those words to the appropriate sub-topic. * Listing/Bulleting 1. Make a list of terms/ideas/concepts about the subject. 2. Create multiple lists depending on the intent.* Making a CubeSide One: Describe the subject.Side Two: Compare the subject.Side Three: Associate the subject.Side Four: Analyze the subject.Side Five: Use the subject.Side Six: Argue for or against the subject.* Venn Diagram1. Pull two circles that connect. like this: 2. List two subjects above the circles.3. Brainstorm about the subjects – what do they hold in common and what is alone about each one. * Tree Diagram* This diagram has a cardinal thought to which you add subdivisions that focus on inside informations. * Act like a Journalist* It answers the inquiries on what. where. when. why and how * T-Diagram* Using a T form. name a class that you want to compare or contrast about a specific subject or subjects. Make this for a assortment of classs. The Philosophy of BrainstormingBy forcing past the obvious. brainstorming has penetrated the doctrine of the normative and gave birth to a whole new doctrine. the doctrine of spontaneousness. Truly being self-generated consequences to being more originative. â€Å"Brainstorming is a originative thought procedure that can be undertaken as a group activity. though there are a few instances where persons besides use same technique to bring forth wide. diverse and originative thoughts particularly targeted towards work outing a particular job. There are several fluctuations of this technique but across all. there are a few cardinal similarities. One of the supposed cardinal feature of brainstorming is the spontaneousness of the thought coevals procedure. It would look like the more self-generated the brainstorming session is. the more legitimate it is. the more consequences or originative thoughts we believe we can bring forth. It is this cardinal thought that I truly want to dispute. The chief idea behind this spontaneousness of thought coevals is that it is assumed that when thoughts are self-generated. they are fresh. originative and uninhibited by bing believing. pre-conceived thoughts or antecedently tested solutions. As the brainstorming procedure is normally deployed where the job is intractable. new or when the state of affairs has grown to new dimensions. it is hence thought that the ‘spontaneity’ helps unlock new. originative and breakthrough thoughts. However. when you truly halt and believe about it. where and when do you truly acquire your best thoughts? Where do you acquire your most originative and advanced ideas? Does that co-occur with a certain clip of the twenty-four hours and is it when you do a certain activity? Does music or doodling aid? Make you necessitate to be by yourself to be most originative? Knocking each other’s ideas ; this is non even acceptable. if you go by the purist position of brainstorming. So if brainsto rming does non enable the coevals of discovery thoughts and thought. so where and how do we bring forth and acquire our best thoughts from? I have asked this inquiry to quite a few people and professionals for that affair and they were rather consentaneous that originative thoughts rarely happened in the office. It was when they were driving. kiping. jogging. tick overing off at Television. taking a shower or a lazy bath or when reading a book in the ‘other’ little room. holding dinner with friends. etc. That is why a few of the world’s greatest thoughts in the last century started in eating houses on paper serviettes. Not surprisingly. it was when people were relaxed. at easiness. non believing about work or that job state of affairs that they were the most originative. Furthermore. it was frequently in the forenoon or tardily in the eventides. but seldom in the afternoon – which is normally when we are at work. brainstorming. Surveies and findings about how the encephalon works corroborates above responses to my inquiry about when people feel they are the most originative and when they had br eakthrough thoughts and ideas in the yesteryear. So. if this is true and research proves it is. why do we still carry on as if a brainstorming session will really make some white infinite for us? What organisations and persons who know and are smart about this bash is that instead than hold a brainstorming session where we recycle thoughts. they really province the job yearss and hebdomads in progress. so that their staff in their ain manner and clip of being originative. will come into the room on that twenty-four hours with clear thought and originative thoughts on how to travel things frontward. † -Business Day. â€Å"The Wisdom of Brainstorming the Contrarian View† by Ted I. Theodore. hypertext transfer protocol: //businessdayonline. com/NG/index. php/work/35370-the-wisdom-of-brainstorming-a-contrarian-view Being originative will ever be a piece on the brainstorming doctrine. for brainstorming is non merely the coevals of thoughts but the coevals of the best thoughts. Harmonizing to Shaina Rozen’s article. Creativity Happens When You Throw out All Ideas. â€Å"We employ this â€Å"reach deeper† brainstorming doctrine in our work and have found that some of the best thoughts are the 1s that come up after we’ve exhausted all our options. In fact. we’ll frequently walk off from a long brainstorming session and come back the following twenty-four hours to rest our heads. digest some of the thoughts. and come back with a clear caput. Albert Einstein said. â€Å"Insanity is making the same thing over and over once more and anticipating the same consequences. † Making the same old brainstorming may give an astonishing thought one time in a piece. but more frequently than non. it’s merely traveling to bring forth second-rate consequences for your client. However. when you spice up your everyday and push yesteryear the obvious. you merely might blow them off. hypertext transfer protocol: //fortyagency. com/insights/creativity-happens-when-you-throw-out-the-obvious-ideas â€Å"The student-brainstormer portions one major feature with the student- bullshitter: she typically has non reflected profoundly about the philosophical issue under treatment. But. unlike the bullshitter. she is eager to research it by dialoging with others. This is because she is personally related to the subject. She takes it to be a unrecorded one ; it means something to her as an person. † – Kerry S. Walters. On Bullshitting and Brainstorming. 1988. BRAINSTORMING TIPS AND TECHNIQUESMind mapsMind function is the easiest and most popular signifier of brainstorming. They’re particularly effectual if you’re brainstorming on your ain. A head map is a graphical representation of all your thoughts linked to and arranged around one cardinal thought. job or subject. There are no regulations to it apart from jotting down everything that comes in your caput. Your head map can be hierarchal or in a tree subdivision format. You can either make mind map on a paper or utilize an on-line plan like Mind Meister which lets you salvage. import and export your head maps and comes with a free version every bit good. Brain mopess Brain mopess are the most fun. Take a piece of paper or open up your word processor and get down composing everything that comes to mind. There’s no regulation stating it has to be related to the undertaking. If you’re brainstorming logo thoughts for a client and happen yourself believing about tiffin. observe down what you want to hold. Trust me. it’s much more productive this manner. Otherwise. you’ll be stuck seeking to come up with Sons while your oral cavity is irrigating as you’re believing about nutrient. Collaboration If you find yourself stuck for thoughts. talk to person and ask for them on board for the undertaking. Get them to brainstorm with you and compare notes. More frequently than non. your brainstorming spouse will pick up something you might hold missed. happen a correlativity or come up with a alone angle that you wouldn’t hold thought of on your ain. If you don’t want to spouse up on the undertaking. that’s mulct. You can still acquire them to join forces with you for brainstorming every bit long as you return the favor. Change by reversal brainstorming Rearward brainstorming can work in two ways. The first is to visualise the consequence you want to accomplish and so work your manner back to the start. For illustration. if you want to compose a web log station. so depending on how you write. your contrary believing timeline will look something like: †¢Respond to remarks †¢Publish station†¢Format station†¢Write station†¢Create an lineation of the station†¢Write rubricThis technique helps you concentrate on countries that you may take for granted and high spots anything that you might hold missed. In the illustration above. you might recognize that you didn’t pay attending to the data format of the station and now know that you need to make The 2nd manner is to inquire yourself the opposite inquiry of what you’re seeking to accomplish. First. inquire yourself ‘How do I accomplish these consequences? ’ and so inquire ‘How make I accomplish the exact antonym? ’ Let’s take this web log station for illustration. When brainstorming the thoughts for this station. I wanted to do this station exceeding. So I asked myself ‘How can I do this station amazing? ’ I drew up a space. I spent an hr looking at my lineation for this station seeking to calculate out how to do it astonis hing. Then I decided to inquire myself ‘How can I do this station mediocre? ’ The reply was gazing me right in the face – for both this inquiry and the one above. I could do this station mediocre by merely explicating the tips and techniques for brainstorming and non giving any illustrations and non demoing how to utilize these tips. Group Sessionss Group Sessionss are great for acquiring past thoughts that have you stuck. If you’re stuck at a peculiar subdivision of your undertaking. a group brainstorming session can be your ticket to lucidity. The people in your group conveying their ain experience and cognition that will assist you happen thoughts for work outing your job. It’s non necessary for the group members to be from the same field as you. Equally long as they have a fundamental apprehension of what you’re seeking to work out. their thoughts can be priceless. Sometimes. even input from person who has no thought what you’re speaking about can assist. Promote them to inquire inquiries and suggest any thought that comes to their caput – even if it seems silly. Having a novice’s position on your job may merely be what you need to happen a solution. Ask Questions Asking inquiries is a great manner to come up with thoughts and replies to your jobs. Use prompters like what. where. who. when. and how. Suppose you’re making a web site for a tooth doctor. inquire ‘Who is the client? ’ The reply will be. people who have jobs with their dentitions. Next. ask. ‘What sort of jobs do they hold? To which you’ll reply ‘Toothaches. pits. dental plates. etc’ and so on until you have all information you need. Put A Time Limit Puting a clip bound is a great technique if you’re pressed for clip or haven’t been able to brainstorm successfully. It forces you to concentrate and come up with every bit many thoughts as it can in the given clip. The continuance of the clip bound depends on you. The bound has to be short plenty to instil a sense of urgency but long plenty to let you to enter all your thoughts. If you’re seeking this technique for the first clip. get down with 10 proceedingss. For bigger undertakings. interrupt your undertakings down in little balls and so brainstorm them one by one. This manner you won’t experience overwhelmed by the sheer size of the undertaking. SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis is an analysis of your project’s strengths. failings. chances and menaces. Making a SWOT analysis will give you a clear thought of what you have. what you need. what you can capitalise on and what you need to better. Individual BrainstormingIndividual brainstorming puts you in complete control of the originative procedure. and that means you are entirely responsible for any and all consequences. This makes single brainstorming a welcome challenge for some. and a beginning of concern for others. The Upside of Individual BrainstormingWhile single brainstorming may non let you take advantage of the accrued experience of other members of your squad. it will supply you with the freedom to show thoughts without fright of ridicule or rejection. An thought that you may hold been hesitating to convey up in a group brainstorming session may come to fruition during the single brainstorming procedure. and that individual thought may be the 1 that makes the procedure a success. In add-on to supplying you with added personal freedom. single brainstorming besides forces you to delve into the brainstorming procedure and give yourself over to it wholly. When an single insights with a group of people. he or she may be inclined to let others to take the procedure. When single brainstorming is being conducted. there is no 1 else to trust on. which motivates the brainstormer to bring forth thoughts and constructs on their ain. While there is much to be said for group brainstorming. single brainstorming is a procedure that shouldn’t be overlooked. There is much to be said for holding the freedom to pull off your originative procedure without the influence of sentiments. thoughts or self-importances of others. Group BrainstormingWhen it works. group brainstorming can be really effectual for conveying the full experience and creativeness of all members of the group to bear on an issue. When single group members get stuck with an thought. another member’s creativeness and experience can take the thought to the following phase. Group brainstorming can therefore develop thoughts in more deepness than single brainstorming. The Upside of Group BrainstormingAs a regulation. people by and large have originative boundaries that they stay within. Oftentimes. these boundaries are referred to as a â€Å"box† and when one begins to believe â€Å"outside of the box† the originative procedure can truly take off. Group brainstorming helps the members of the brainstorming squad believe outside of their boxes. opening originative doors for each member of the brainstorming squad. Another advantage of group brainstorming is that it helps everyone involved to experience that they’ve contributed to the terminal solution. and it reminds people that other people have originative thoughts to offer. Brainstorming in a group can be hazardous for persons. Valuable but unusual suggestions may look stupe at first sight. Because of this. you need to chair Sessionss tightly so that thoughts are non crushed. and so that the usual issues with group problem-solving don’t knee creativeness. Making a diver se brainstorming squad allows for multiple fonts of cognition and experience for the group brainstorming squad to pull from. Group brainstorming can besides move as a team-building exercising by doing certain all members of the squad show their sentiments and lend their thoughts. | | Approachs to Brainstorming * The Stepladder Technique- This improves the part of quieter members of the group. by presenting thoughts one individual at a clip. The Stepladder Technique is a simple tool that manages how members enter the decision-making group. It encourages all members to lend on an single degree before being influenced by anyone else. This consequences in a wider assortment of thoughts. it prevents people from â€Å"hiding† within the group. and it helps people avoid being â€Å"stepped on† or overpowered by stronger. louder group members. * Brainwriting – Brainwriting uses a written attack to brainstorming to bring forth and develop thoughts. This helps you get thoughts from all persons. and develop these thoughts in deepness. It is similar to brainstorming – they’re both methods for bring forthing thoughts and solutions for a job nevertheless it gives everyone equal chance to take part. and it enables all group members to believe without any ‘blocking. ’

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Robert Lee Essays (614 words) - Randolph Family Of Virginia

Robert Lee Robert Edward Lee was born on January 19th, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia. Robert's father was thrown in debtors jail many times for not paying on time. He was introduced to war early in his life; his brother Sydney had shown him a cannon ball and told him about the revolution. Mrs. Lee's stepson was old enough to claim the mansion where they lived that his dead mother had gave to him in his will. The Lee's left to live in Alexandria. Lee was brought up in a Christian family. When Lee was 18, he went to West Point. There were only 6,000 other men in the entire army. Later that year, Lee said goodbye to his mother and took a stagecoach from Virginia to New York. At the end of his first year at West Point, he was appointed Staff Sergeant. When he was twenty-two, he took his money that he earned; $103.58 in cash and he started a home. On July 26, 1829, Lee's mother died. Robert was at her bed when she died. Then on June 30, 1831 Lee married Mary Curtis. On September 16, 1832, Mary gave birth to George Washington Curtis Lee. Then in 1835 they had their second child, Mary Curtis. Mrs. Lee was put on bed-rest for many months due to illness. They had five more children: William Henry Fitzgerald, Annie, Agnes, Robert and last Mildred. When he was home, they all attended episcopal Church where he was raised. On May 13, 1846 the United States declared was on their southern neighbor. When Lee was 39, he headed for Mexico. Lee's will said that he was worth about $38,750 with few depts. He only had few slaves: Nancy and her children. And they were to be freed "soon as it can be done to their advantage and that of others. On Christmas, Lee wrote to his wife that he hoped this woul.d be the last time he would be away from her. While they were at war, even though is was hard, he attended church. He returned on June 29, 1843. On September 1, 1852 he was appointed to superintenent of the military acadamy where he had graduated. In 1853, a distressing message reached Lee: Mrs. Curtis had died unexpectedly. The death made him do something he had never thought of doing. He wanted to be confined to the church. It was gunners at Charlestown Harbor who forced Robert E. Lee to make the tough decisions in his life. On April 12, the United States, as the union fired upon by Confederate gunners. The civil war began with the first cannon roar at Fort Sumpter. The north had more of an advantage because they have all of the military supplies and factories. The south was a land of farmers without military supplies and hardly any money to buy them. Then one day when Lee was in hid hotel, he had a visitor. He read a report of the supplies coming into Richmond. 60,00 small arms, and 54,00 flintlocks. I July 21, 1861 they received a telegram that the south had won the first major battle of the Civil War. One evening Lee looked up to see a soldier salute. "Major Rooney Lee was fired upon by Union pickets, Sir, near Cheat Mountain. His companion, Colonel Washington, died instantly. Union pickets put three Minie ball through his body." Then Lee's face lost it's color. "Your son's mount was shot from under him. Major Lee escaped on Washington's horse, sir." Lee sighed in relief. Washington's death hit Lee. He was a good friend of the family. Lee had been involved in the war for the whole time that it was going on. He had many battles, and he was fighting very bravely and strong until the war ended. He lived a happy life after the war was over.