Equity and Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Equity and Trust - Essay Example In Tinsley v Milligan, the plaintiff Tinsley sought ownership of a jointly owned property2. Tinsley was the legal owner of the property. She had been living with the defendant Milligan, and these two females had contributed monetarily to the acquisition of that property3. Milligan’s contention was that Tinsley was a trustee for both of them. As such, these women had committed a fraud on the Department of Social Security. They had purchased the property, but had retained title to the property in only the name of Tinsley. This stratagem enabled Milligan to claim benefits from the Department of Social Security, as a person without any property to her name4. In this case, the plaintiff contended that ‘he who comes to equity must come with clean hands.’ Consequently, as per her contention, Milligan was precluded from claiming an equitable interest in the property. The House of Lords ruled that as Milligan did not rely on her illegality, she could enforce such interest. Moreover, it was Tinsley who would have to rely on the evidence provided by the illegal purpose5. It was held by the House of Lords that Milligan could claim her equitable beneficial interests in the property. The Law Lords opined that a plaintiff could claim proprietary interests, as long as she did not rely on an illegality to establish the interest6. Thus, equitable interest of this type was to be considered as similar to the immediate rights to possession under the common law. As such, in this case, two women, paid for a property, but placed the property in the name of one of them. This was done in order to claim housing benefits. However, the courts did not allow this fraudulent behaviour to affect the proprietary rights of the woman, whose name had not been indicated as the half owner of the property. All the same, if the plaintiff had attempted to assert her personal right to entitlement, on the basis of unjust enrichment, she could not have succeeded in her claim.

Analysing Result Graphs Essay Example for Free

Analysing Result Graphs Essay This graph shows the range of ages of the people that I surveyed. The majority was split evenly between the 30 40 age group and the 40 50 age group. I asked for this information so I could find out what age group I should target my business at in terms of style atmosphere and advertising to attract the most possible customers. Now I know who my target audience is I can advertise well to attract customers of that age and set an atmosphere and style to suit that age group. This pie chart shows the average amount of times that the person surveyed goes on every year. This information is vital as it is an indicator as to whether the business will have many customers throughout the year. If the chart were to show that people didnt go on many holidays then there would be no point in the business but as the chart shows the majority of people go on at least 2 holidays on average every year indicating the business will be successful. This doughnut chart shows where the ideal location for Cherry Kennels would be for the majority of the people surveyed. This is crucial to get right because it needs to be located where the public find it most convenient and also were business will be more successful from being close to a lot of potential customers. As clearly shown in the chart, the preferred location for Cherry Kennels would be somewhere situated in Brentwood. Therefore this is where I shall set up Cherry Kennels once I have found a suitable place in Brentwood. This bar chart represents how much the people surveyed are willing to pay per night of their cat/dog staying at Cherry Kennels. It is important to get the pricing correct because it needs to be cheap enough to keep the customers happy and attract more customers, but it needs to be expensive enough to make a decent profit. Thats why I asked this question, to see what the majority of people thought was a fair price. The majority of people believe that à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½35 is a fair price per night and I see this to be reasonable and enough to make a profit so therefore this is how it shall be priced. This final graph shows how much the people surveyed are willing to pay to have their dog/cat professionally groomed. I asked this question to find out whether there is any point in having the additional grooming parlours if no-one would use it but not only did the majority of people say they would use it but they also chose a reasonable price again to suit them as customers and me looking to make a profit. As the graph shows the majority of people chose à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25 so therefore this is how it shall be priced. Competitors My main local competitor is Ladybird Kennels located in Ingatestone. This is because they to provide boarding kennels for both cats and dogs. Ladybird Kennels aim to provide their guests with an excellent standard of service and care based on over 10 years of experience. As quoted in their Ladybird brochure.  Ladybird kennels is not in a very busy area but is opposite an entrance to a very busy motorway so a lot of people are constantly driving past, this isnt too much of a problem because the front building/reception area is not that appealing from the outside. By locating Cherry Kennels in a busy place such as Brentwood I hope to gain more customers as it is more conveniently placed than having to go out of your way to get to Ladybird Kennels. Cherry Kennels will provide very similar services as Ladybird Kennels apart from the fact that Cherry Kennels will provide the additional professional grooming parlors. Another difference is that Cherry Kennels will be able to hold and take care of a considerable amount of more cats and dogs. Finally Ladybird Kennels has a Discount food shop which is not planned for Cherry Kennels but could be considered.  Ladybird Kennels is very old fashioned and has been around for ten years so the target audience for its services will probably be the same as Cherry Kennels between 30 50 years of age. This is not a problem however as Cherry Kennels will be more modern to suit this age group and up and coming generations so business will continue well.

A Discussion On Animal Rights :: essays research papers fc

A Discussion on Animal Rights "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; The Declaration of Independence holds these rights to be self evident and unalienable. In the eighteenth century when these words were written they were called natural rights, today we call them human rights" (McShea 34). The issue of whether or not to grant animal rights such as those that humans retain, is a greatly disputed issue. Philosophers, clergyman, and politicians have argued the point of animal rights for years, but without success. Animal right is an extremely intricate issue that involves the question of animal intelligence, animal activist groups, and the pros and cons of granting animals their rights. Psychologists around the world, who have studied nonhuman primates, argue that these animals possess the capacity to communicate. They go on to explain that a communication barrier is all that separates humans from animals. If they bridged that barrier, then humans could talk with animals. Beatrice and Robert Gardner, two psychologists of the University of Nevada, realized that the pharynx and larynx of the chimpanzee are not suited for human speech. Since chimpanzees are far superior to humans in manual dexterity, the Garners decided to try to teach chimpanzees American Sign Language or Ameslan. The Gardners and others studied these chimpanzees, Washoe, Lucy, and Lana. These three chimpanzees learned to use and could display a working vocabulary of 100 to 200 words. They also distinguished between different grammatical patterns and syntaxes (Sagan 615). Besides distinguishing, the chimpanzees also inventively constructed new words and phrases. For example, when Washoe first saw a duck land on water, she gestured "water bird," which is the same phrase used in English. Washoe invented that gesture for the occasion (Sagan 615). Lucy also displayed her creative mind by signing "candy drink" after tasting a watermelon. The description "candy drink" is essentially the same word form as the English "water melon" (Sagan 615). Another method of bridging the communication gap between humans and animals is by computer. At the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, researchers teach chimpanzees like Lana a specific computer language called "Yerkish" (Sagan 616). "Yerkish" allows the chimpanzees to talk with the computer by keyboarding in messages. The computer in turn responds appropriately. While Lana types, she monitors her sentences on a computer display and erases those sentences with grammatical errors. At one point while Lana typed an intricate sentence, her trainer mischievously and repeatedly interfered with her typing from a separate console. Lana, who had become aggravated by this, typed, "Please, Tim, leave room." (Sagan 616). People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA, is a nonviolent

Communication Delay in Children

Communication & Language Delay in Children Children communicate in many ways. Language and communication help us to socialise and express our needs. Babies use sounds, facial expressions and hand or arm gestures to express the way they are feeling. As they grow older their language skills gradually begin to develop and they will use more complex gestures such as pointing at objects. Language allows the child to express themselves and communicate. Alongside speech, reading, writing, drawing and signing are all important parts of a Childs language development. It is important to identify any delay in language or communication in a Child as soon as possible. Children need to be able to communicate with others in order to express their needs and develop their social skills. Delayed language or communication can have a big impact on all other areas of development and cause behavioural problems for the child born from frustration. A child who is unable to express themselves clearly may display disruptive or aggressive behaviour as they become frustrated that they are not being understood. They might be disciplined for their behaviour if their carer does not realise why they are acting up and brands them as a difficult child. This will cause the child to loose confidence and develop low self esteem. They may also become clingy to their parent or carer, be prone to tearful outbursts and have difficulty socialising with peers. A child with hearing difficulties may appear to be in their own little world and not respond when their name is called. They may also struggle to follow simple instructions or have trouble pronouncing words. Children who can not understand or hear what is being said to them will miss out on vital learning opportunities. The Childs overall wellbeing will suffer as they will feel isolated and upset. The child may withdraw from groups and not want to participate therefore missing out on learning important social skills. Delayed language and communication can also be a sign that there is something more seriously wrong with the child that may require treatment or specialist help such as a hearing impairment or learning difficulties. If the correct help or treatment is not supplied for the child in a timely fashion it will have a knock on effect that will delay their emotional, social and even physical development. It is therefore vitally important that child care practitioners are aware of the signs of communication and language delay in children and are equipped with the right tools and information to be able to help the children and their families. The practitioner needs to be calm, flexible and patient. A child with language difficulties will need extra support that should be tailored to their individual needs and plenty of positive encouragement and reinforcement to help build their confidence. The child may be able to take you to objects that they want or express their need by looking or pointing at objects. Some children may need help when playing alongside others. The Practitioner may need to stay close so that they can help them when they have trouble expressing themselves as well as teaching the children around them to be patient and help them to understand the child. A Childs language could be delayed for many reasons some of these reasons are detailed below: * Hearing impairments – This is a common reason for a delay in language development. There are many different types of impairments ranging from non-permanent conditions such as glue ear to permanent partial of full hearing loss. A child with hearing loss will often withdraw in to themselves and not want to interact with the outside world as they struggle to understand it. The cause of the loss needs to be established quickly so the child can receive the right treatment so their development does not suffer. Non-permanent conditions may be easily treated by a GP, whereas permanent conditions may require specialist help and hearing aids. The sooner treatment is supplied for a child the sooner they can progress their language and communication skills. The practitioner can support them within the setting by working alongside the parents to understand the condition. The practitioner c should provide one to one support and they may use sign language and encourage the other children to use it too. Physical conditions such as an enlarged tongue or a cleft pallet – A child suffering from this kind of physical impairment will usually have a very good understanding of what is being said to them and going on around them. The problem comes when they try to express themselves through speech. They may be unable to speak clearly and may mispronounce words. This will cause them to become frustrated and may result in aggressive behaviour. It might also cause them to feel different and be embarrass ed in front of their peers. Therefore they may withdraw from groups and not wish to participate in discussions. Some of these conditions can be treated by Doctors but others will require speech therapy and on-going support. The practitioner will need to work alongside the therapist and the parents in order to provide the best possible support for the child within the setting. * Stutters or stammers – A child suffering with a stutter or a stammer will usually have a good understanding of what is being said to them and going on around them. They struggle to express themselves clearly and find it difficult to get the words they want to say out correctly. They may hesitiate or say um a lot or repeat the same word over as they try to get out a sentence. This is often because their mind is working so quickly their mouth struggles to keep up! This is considered a normal stage in development for a child between the age of Most children grow out of this in time but for some it may develop in to a habit and a half to five years.. If a child is suffering with a stutter or stammer displays disruptive behaviour due to frustration and feels embarrassed in front of peers so they shy away from group activities or the non-fluency continues for more than 6 months they may require referral to a speech therapist. Practitioners can help the child within the setting by helping to relax the child in order to calm their speech by showing they are listening, making eye contact, nodding their head and smiling at the child. The practitioner should never finish the Childs sentences be patient and allow them plenty of time to speak. Lack of stimulation and language input –Some children to not recieve the level of interaction required with other people to allow there language and communication skills to develop. The child may be left on their own, for long periods and not taken out of the house. Their carer may not talk or interact with them unless it is necessary. In these circumstances the child misses out on all the im portant experiences and interactions that are required in order to enable their lanhuage and communication skills to develop. There are often underlying problems or concerns with children who are delayed due to this issue. There could be a problem with neglect at home or their carer may be depressed and need help. It is important that these issues are also addressed alongside the support required to assist there language development. Often these children simply require time, care and attention in order to help them progress. The practitioner can help by spending time with the child talking and interacting. They must provide plenty of positive reinforcement and encourage them to interact with others and try new experiences to develop their language skills. Picture cards and books can also be used to help them express what their needs and increase their vocabulary. * Shyness – Some children are simply very shy and do not like talking to people they are not familiar with or clam up in situations or places they are not used to. They have a very good understanding of what is being said to them and going on around them but find it difficult to speak due to shyness and anxiety. The parents may tell you that the child is a chatter box at home where they feel comfortable but the child may not say anything when they are at pre-school. The child will need plenty of encouragement and positive reinforcement from the practitioner in order to help them settle and feel at ease within the setting. The practitioner can support the child by playing alongside them, encouraging them to interact with other children and encouraging other children to interact with them. * The child is learning more than one language – Children who are learning more than one language may be slightly slower in learning to talk and communicate. This is because the child has to learn more than one language system. There are many circumstances in todays’ society where this is now the case. Children come from many different backgrounds. The child parents may speak one language at home such as Chinese which will be the childs home language but then they will be exposed to English when they are at preschool or the childs parents may use 2 languages at home. The childs mother might be French and speak French to the child whereas the Father may be English and only communicate with the mother and child in Engllish. Children learn through association and absorption therefore it is important that when within the preschool setting the practitioners only use one language to communicate with the child. This enables the child to associate that language with the setting and put what they are learning in to context. It is very important that the setting works with the childs parents to support their learning and ensure that the child has a positive view of both of the languages they are learning. The parents might like to be involved in some of the activities in the setting so that they can see what the child is learning and help to support their development. Learning difficulties such as Autism – There are many different learning difficulties that can occur in children and all will need specialist treatment that is specific to each individual child. Therefore it is important that they are identified early so that the child can receive the help and support they require in order to progress. Earl y signs of a learning disorder in children are problems pronouncing words, struggling to find the right word, difficulty rhyming, trouble learning the alphabet, numbers, colours, shapes and days of the week and find it difficult to follow directions or learn routines. Children with autism may have trouble making eye contact, appear disinterested in other people and what is going on around them, find it difficult connecting with people and have problems playing with other children. They may use an abnormal tone of voice, with an odd rhythm or pitch, they may repeat the same words over and over, respond to a question by repeating it instead of answering it and refer to themselves in the third person. Once a delay in a child communication and language skills has been identified it is important they receive the help and support required as soon as possible. Each setting should have access to a SENCO (special educational needs co-ordinator) and a EYAT (early years advisory teacher). They should be the first people to be that is contacted once a delay has been identified. They can them come in and carry out observations and assessments of the child in order to help establish the cause of the delay. They can then liase with the Childs parents and the practitioner to discuss what the next steps are and how best to support the child with their development. A referral should be considered if the child is delayed in any of the following areas: * Understanding language that is spoken to them Developing the range of speech sounds appropriate for their age * Developing the use of words and sentences appropriate for their age A referral should also be considered for those children that who are not following the normal patterns of development such as: * Children who use language inappropriately , for example phrases used in the wrong context or tha t don’t make sense. * Repeating learned chunks of language that have no meaning * Children who find it difficult to follow rules or join in with a conversation by looking, taking turns and sharing interest in a subject. Some children may need to be referred to a speech and language therapist. A speech therapist can help support children with a wide range of communication and language difficulties. Any referrals must be done with the full support and co-operation of parents. The SENCO will also be able to get help from the Early Years support team within Leicestershire. They are there to assist settings with the early identification of children with additional needs and provide support for the child and their families. Once again any referrals must be done with the full support and co-operation of the the parents. Practitioners should ensure that they include communication and language development within their planning for the setting. The setting should promote good communication and language skills and display their approach to parents so they can help support it within the home environment. There are many ways to promote good communication and language within the setting. All areas within the setting should be clearly labelled with words and pictures to help the children to understand what they are used for. Boxes within the setting should be labelled with pictures to help the child understand what is in them. Eg. A photo of lego on the box that contains the lego. Pictures and photo cards can also be used to help the children express their needs or to show you what they would like to do. Practitioners should be good role models for the children and ensure that they display good language and communication skills. They should ensure that they listen to the children patiently allowing them time to talk, make good eye contact and sensitively correct children when they use the wrong form of word. Eg â€Å"I readed my book† response from practitioner â€Å"Oh, you are reading your book†. Practitioners should ensure they use simple instructions with short sentences that the children can understand. Open questions encourage the children to think and with encouragement help them to extend their vocabulary and improve their sentence structure. There are many play opportunites that the practitioner can use to encourage good language and communication. One of the most effective ways of doing this is to talk allowed as you are playing with the children and provide a commentary on what you are doing. For example if you are playing with the lego you could say â€Å"We are building our tower up, it is getting higher and higher. Oh look the green block is on top. Ben has a square brick , it is red† As you are talking the child will learn from absorption pick up on the words and make the associations with the objects. Books can play a key part in developing in speech and communication skills. Picture books can be used to help the child learn colours, animals, and objects. Storybooks can be used to encourage language development and sentence structure. The practitioner can ask the child open questions such as â€Å"What is happening in the picture? † or â€Å"What do you think happened next? †. You could even get the child to tell you the story themselves. After reading the story with the child you could then ask them to read the story to you. Although they might not be able to read the words you can see how much they recall from the pictures and how well they listened to you. Roleplay is a brilliant way to encourage imaginative play and increase vocabulary. For instance you could role play a trip to the shops. There could be lots of new language words that you can introduce such as till, basket, shopping trolley, carrots, apples, broccoli, oranges, money, purse, bags etc. Role play is also a good way to get children to interact and communicate with each other in a fun and interesting way. Songs and rhyming are great way for getting children to listen they are also often help children to remember things. Songs and rhymes use intonation, stress and rhythm which all help with aspects of speech development as they are all skills we use when talking. Some songs also involve actions so they are a great way to help children link words with actions or even body parts Eg The song ‘ Head shoulders knees and toes’. It is important to remember that all children are individuals and therefor what works for one child may not work for another. That is why practitioners must ensure that there is a wide vareity of play opportuinites available within the setting to ensure they can cater for each childs needs. They should ensure that regular language and communication observations and assessments are carried out on all the children within to enable them to keep track of their development, plan their next steps and identify and signs of a delay as early as possible.

Physical Fitness: Betters Your Golf Game

Although golf may not seem like a sport that would require a lot of physical training, it does. People all over the world underestimate the proper physical training golfers need for their golf game to be at the level he or she aspires it to be at. Golf had always been viewed as a game of leisure, but today’s golfer is leaner, stronger, and fitter. Without spending hundreds of dollars on a teaching professional, and endless stressful hours at the golf course or driving range, one can improve his or her golf game by doing the proper combination of flexibility training, resistance training, cardiovascular training, using appropriate supplements, and eating a well balanced diet on a daily basis. Exercise also increases mental stamina, which lets a person work harder for a longer time (which is great for ones golf game)! Golf and flexibility go hand in hand. Flexibility training basically consists of you stretching and expanding your muscles to a certain extent (Appleton). There are plenty of different ways one can incorporate flexibility training in there daily workout and reduce the risk of future injuries by allowing blood to flow to the muscles. Resistance training is used to develop the strength and size of skeletal muscles, by doing physical workouts which is performed against a force generating resistance through anaerobic exercises (Piazza). It involves a great deal of body awareness, muscle control and coordination- all are key elements for improving a golfer’s game (Moorehouse). Golf deals with a great amount of aerobic exercises. Cardiovascular training places stress on the cardio respiratory system and strengthen the heart, lungs, and muscles through aerobic exercises (Pederson). It also is great for increasing ones endurance. Using the appropriate supplements will help fill the gaps in ones diet and provide sufficient, qualities of vital minerals that are often missed in processed foods (Kybartas). Vitamins and minerals are important to a high-quality performance because ones body is getting the proper nutrients it needs, and they help assist the body in muscle repair which decreases muscle soreness (Pederson). Eating a well balanced diet on a daily basis helps keep a person energetic and fit no matter his or her age (Arora). Flexibility is defined as the absolute range of movement in a joint or series of muscles that is attainable in a momentary activity that requires muscle involvement (Appleton). Most golfers do not take into consideration flexibility when it comes to training for golf but being flexible is a key component to the golf swing everyone desires. The three types of flexibility training are: functional, corrective, and active. Functional Flexibility is the ability of the pieces of the skeleton to move freely, easily, and fluidly float through the ranges of motion the joints and hinges were designed for (Anderson). It also has excellent enhancement on the extensibility of soft tissue. Corrective Flexibility is when one alters their joint motions and improves their muscle imbalances. Active Flexibility is the ability to assume and maintain extended positions using only the tension of the agonists while the antagonists are being extended (Anderson). No matter how similar the flexibility training is, each phase requires its own specific stretching techniques. Functional flexibility uses self-myofascial release and dynamic stretching such as yoga; corrective flexibility also uses self-myofascial release but instead of dynamic stretching it requires static stretching such as using a thick, large rubber band to stretch; and active flexibility is again using self-myofascial release just requiring active-isolated stretching such as lifting your leg and holding it in position with out any help from a person or piece of equipment (Quinn). Doing the correct stretching in the three different phases is beneficial also to ones health rather than just flexibility by reducing muscle tension and helping one be in a more relaxed state, on the physical and mental side. It also can reduce injury time after getting hurt, muscles soreness after a heavy workout, and decrease the chance of injuries. Stretching increases any golfers ability to perform what their swing coach is constantly telling him or her by about having the right â€Å"touch and feeling†, especially when trying to accomplish specific tasks by simply having the appropriate weight on each side of their body and eliminating the pressure in their grip which travels up their entire arm. Flexibility training is most important for golfers because it helps develop body control and awareness, allowing it to be easier to perform the exact motions in the golf swing that a swing coach asks of. Stretching a highly recommended and very important before, during, and after a round of golf not only to increase the player’s flexibility but to allow their body to swing more freely and improve club and distance control (Piazza). To be fully successful in the game of golf the player needs to attain a well balanced shoulder turn and reach a high finish by swinging the club, and to increase their range of motion, they need the proper flexibility training (Piazza). Resistance training is any type of exercise that causes the muscles to contract against an external resistance with the expectation of it increases in mass, tone, strength, and/or endurance (Doan). The external resistance training can be used with dumbbells, cables, rubber exercise tubing, ones own body weight, kettles, resistance bands or any object that can cause the muscles to contract. Cross training is one of the best forms of resistance training for a golfer because it lets the body do similar swing motions with cables as ones body would do during their natural back swing and follow through (Doan). Resistance training is a crucial component to improving ones golf game, and is beyond beneficial to the golfer itself. Resistance training can reduces the risk of a player injuring his or her self, the recovery time after an injury occurs, increase muscle control, reduce muscle soreness, and improve the performance of the player (Kuzmic 65). To develop greater power with less effort one must have balanced muscle developed in their body. This is most important because it lets the player generate more club head speed and hit the ball harder without using excess effort and causing tension on the swing (65). The key to hitting the ball straight is all in proper muscle balance and development allowing the golfer to use less effort and maintain relaxation as he or she applies more power. Also, there are many situations one can put his or her self into on the course such as, being in heavy sand, deep rough, or a bad buried lie where just pure strength is useful (67). Cardiovascular training is an aerobic form of exercise that helps develop the heart, the lungs, and the vascular system (Thomas). Improving your cardiovascular system can boost energy, increase endurance, stamina and therefore mental focus. A quality cardiovascular workout will do wonders for a person’s body by improving their lungs, heart, and lowering their heart rate and blood pressure. Exercise also builds up the immune system helping to protect ones body from illnesses (Pederson). Good cardiovascular activities one can do to have an effective workout without owning a gym pass is swimming, jogging, running, brisk walking, bike riding, jump roping, and rowing. If some prefer their local gym and being indoors rather than outdoors there are also many good types of equipment that can be used such as; the treadmill, an indoor bike, the stair master, and the elliptical. Many golfers tend to focus a bit more on their cardiovascular workout because golf and cardio training are connected whether some may believe it or not. Since exercise increases mental stamina as well physical, it gives the golfer the ability to work hard for a longer time, which is ideal in golf (Pederson). An average golfer takes approximately eighty to two hundred swings per round, carries about a forty five pound golf bag on a course that can be flat or angulated and is five to six miles long, with a round that can last anywhere from four and a half to six hours long. These factors all add up to a golfers tendency to make improper choices in shot selection, decrease of leg drive in the follow through, and shank shots as the round comes closer to the eighteenth hole. Muscles of the core are the powerhouse of a good golf swing, so therefore proper conditioning such as cardiovascular training will make a huge difference in the power one gets from longer shots (Quinn). When people think of performance-enhancing sports nutrition supplements, they probably do not think of golfers. Well taking appropriate supplements is beneficial for a golfer because a good supplement will let them keep mental focus longer and play better golf. A good supplement will help fill the gaps in a diet and provide vital minerals that are usually missed in processed foods that are important for the body, in order to have a high quality performance (Kybartas). A quick and easy alternative to fatty, unhealthy foods are shakes or protein bars because a golfer knows they are getting the right balance of carbohydrates, protein, and fats, and plus they can eat them on the go or carry them in their golf bag for during the round or practices (Matics). Amino acids are extra important to have before and after cardio and resistance training because it will help prevent muscle soreness by giving off protein directly to the muscles and can effectively maintain neurotransmitters in the brain for after workouts (Brewer and Gorosteroga). When using the appropriate supplements a golfer is increasing his or her endurance, health and fitness level on and off the golf course allowing them to live a better, healthier life and be more successful on the golf course. Eating a well balanced diet on a daily basis helps keep a person’s well being stable such as; their health, energy level, physical appearance, and athletic performances because when one has the right eating habits on a daily basis they are in less risk of being obese, having a stroke, having high blood pressure, diabetes, or osteoporosis (Kuzmic 123). Eating five or six small meals a day rather than three large meals helps increase the metabolic rate, feeling hungry between meals and over eating during meals, it also helps keep a persons energy level up, maintain the proper blood sugar level, and reduces the chance of getting a head ache (Arora). A healthy balanced diet one should follow on a daily basis consists of eating the appropriate amounts of foods from the five basic food groups which are: carbohydrates, vegetables, fruit, dairy, and protein. One also needs the six essential nutrients to live and perform well, those being: carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, and water (Home Health-UK). Knowing when, what, and how to eat can really make a difference in a golfers game (Kuzmic 128). A full stomach can cause the body to switch attention and blood flow to the digestive system instead if the muscles that are essential for golf, therefore it is not recommended to eat too much before a round of golf or during the round. Hydration is an crucial component in the successfulness of ones golf game, a golfer should drink any where from eight to ten glasses of water a day (Breland). Staying hydrated helps a golfer stay away from getting lightheaded, and weak on the course. Small portioned, portable, healthy snacks such as cut up fruit, granola bars, or whole wheat crackers are good to eat during a round because they are full of slow-burning fuel that can help a golfer get through a round without fatigue (Kuzmic 128). So with that said, eating a balanced diet on a daily basis helps a golfer stay fit and keep their energy level Being physically fit is the component to playing the round of golf every golfer desires for. And to achieve that, one must do the proper combination of flexibility training, resistance training, cardiovascular training, use appropriate supplements, and eat a well balanced diet on a daily basis. If one does those five simple key ingredients, they will find themselves driving the ball further, having better ball control, being more accurate with their shots, and keeping the right mental and physical stamina on the golf course. All it takes is a few hours a week of physical training and changing a few bad eating habits and one is closer to a more enjoyable round of lower scores. When a golfer builds up their golf energy by being flexible, achieving resistance for their swing, having a stronger mental and physical endurance by cardio, adding nutritional supplements, and eating good healthy foods, they can become a stronger golfer and enjoy the game of golf even more.

Gettysburg East Cavalry Field in the Civil War

Gettysburg East Cavalry Field in the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg: Union Order of Battle - Confederate Order of Battle Gettysburg-East Cavalry Fight - Conflict Date: The East Cavalry Fight took place on July 3, 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and was part of the larger Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-July 3, 1863). Armies Commanders: Union Brigadier General David McM. GreggBrigadier General George A. Custer3,250 men Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuartapprox. 4,800 men Gettysburg-East Cavalry Fight - Background: On July 1, 1863, Union and Confederate forces met north and northwest of the town of Gettysburg, PA.  The first day of the battle resulted in General Robert E. Lees forces driving Major General John F. Reynolds I Corps and Major General Oliver O. Howards XI Corps through Gettysburg to a strong defensive position around Cemetery Hill.  Bringing additional forces up during the night, Major General George G. Meades Army of the Potomac assumed a position with its right on Culps Hill and the line extending west to Cemetery Hill and then turning south along Cemetery Ridge.  The next day, Lee planned to attack both Union flanks.  These efforts were late in commencing and saw Lieutenant General James Longstreets First Corps push back Major General Daniel Sickles III Corps which had moved west off of Cemetery Ridge.  In a bitterly fought struggle, Union troops succeeded in holding the key heights of Little Round Top at the south end of the battlefield (Map).  Ã‚   Gettysburg-East Cavalry Fight - Plans Dispositions: In determining his plans for July 3, Lee at first hoped to launch coordinated attacks on Meades flanks.  This plan was thwarted when Union forces opened a fight at Culps Hill around 4:00 AM.  This engagement raged for seven hours until quieting at 11:00 AM.  As a result of this action, Lee changed his approach for the afternoon and instead decided to focus on striking the Union center on Cemetery Ridge.  Assigning command of the operation to Longstreet, he ordered that Major General George Picketts division, which had not been engaged in the previous days fighting, form the core of the attack force.  To supplement Longstreets assault on the Union center, Lee directed Major General J.E.B. Stuart to take his Cavalry Corps east and south around Meades right flank.  Once in the Union rear, he was attack towards the Baltimore Pike which served as the primary line of retreat for the Army of the Potomac. Opposing Stuart were elements of Major General Alfred Pleasontons Cavalry Corps.  Disliked and mistrusted by Meade, Pleasonton was retained at the armys headquarters while his superior directed cavalry operations personally.  Of the corps three divisions, two remained in the Gettysburg area with that of Brigadier General David McM. Gregg located east of the main Union line while Brigadier General Judson Kilpatricks men protected the Union left to the south.  The bulk of the third division, belonging to Brigadier General John Buford, had been sent south to refit after playing a key role in the early fighting on July 1.  Only Bufords reserve brigade, led by Brigadier General Wesley Merritt, remained in the area and held a position south of the Round Tops.  To reinforce the position east of Gettysburg, orders were issued for Kilpatrick to loan Brigadier General George A. Custers brigade to Gregg. Gettysburg-East Cavalry Fight - First Contact: Holding a position at the intersection of the Hanover and Low Dutch Roads, Gregg deployed the bulk of his men along the former facing north while Colonel John B. McIntoshs brigade occupied a position behind the latter facing northwest.  Approaching the Union line with four brigades, Stuart intended to pin Gregg in place with dismounted troopers and then launch an attack from the west using Cress Ridge to shield his movements.  Advancing the brigades of Brigadier Generals John R. Chambliss and Albert G. Jenkins, Stuart had these men occupy the woods around the Rummel Farm.  Gregg was soon alerted to their presence due to scouting by Custers men and signal guns fired by the enemy.  Unlimbering, Major Robert F. Beckhams horse artillery opened fired on the Union lines.  Responding, Lieutenant Alexander Penningtons Union battery proved more accurate and succeeded in largely quieting the Confederate guns (Map). Gettysburg-East Cavalry Fight - Dismounted Action:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the artillery fire subsided, Gregg directed the 1st New Jersey Cavalry from McIntoshs brigade to dismount as well as the 5th Michigan Cavalry from Custers.  These two units commenced a long-range duel with the Confederates around the Rummel Farm.  Pressing the action, the 1st New Jersey advanced to a fence line closer to the farm and continued the fight.  Running low on ammunition, they were soon joined by the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry.  Tangling with a larger force, McIntosh called for reinforcements from Gregg.  This request was denied, though Gregg did deploy an additional artillery battery which began shelling the area around the Rummel Farm.   This compelled the Confederates to abandon the farms barn.  Seeking to turn the tide, Stuart brought more of his men into the action and extended his line to flank the Union troopers.  Quickly dismounting part of the 6th Michigan Cavalry, Custer blocked this move.  As McIntoshs ammunition began to dwindle, the brigades fire started to slacken.  Seeing an opportunity, Chambliss men intensified their fire.  As McIntoshs men began to withdraw, Custer advanced the 5th Michigan.  Armed with seven-shot Spencer rifles, the 5th Michigan surged forward and, in fighting that became hand-to-hand at times, succeeded in driving Chambliss back into the woods beyond the Rummel Farm.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gettysburg-East Cavalry Fight - Mounted Fight: Increasingly frustrated and eager to end the action, Stuart directed the 1st Virginia Cavalry from Brigadier General Fitzhugh Lees brigade to make a mounted charge against the Union lines.  He intended this force to break through the enemys position by the farm and split them from those Union troops along Low Dutch Road.  Seeing the Confederates advance, McIntosh attempted to send his reserve regiment, the 1st Maryland Cavalry, forward.  This failed when he found that Gregg had ordered it south to the intersection.  Responding to the new threat, Gregg ordered Colonel William D. Manns 7th Michigan Cavalry to launch a counter-charge.  As Lee drove back Union forces by the farm, Custer personally led the 7th Michigan forward with a yell of Come on, you Wolverines! (Map). Surging forward, the 1st Virginias flank came under fire from the 5th Michigan and part of the 3rd Pennsylvania.  The Virginians and 7th Michigan collided along a sturdy wooden fence and commenced fighting with pistols.  In an effort to turn the tide, Stuart directed Brigadier General Wade Hampton to take reinforcements forward.  These troopers joined with the 1st Virginia and compelled Custers men to fall back.  Pursuing the 7th Michigan towards the intersection, the Confederates came under heavy fire from the 5th and 6th Michigans as well as the 1st New Jersey and 3rd Pennsylvania.  Under this protection, the 7th Michigan rallied and turned to mount a counterattack.  This succeeded in drove the enemy back past the Rummel Farm. Given the near success of the Virginians in almost reaching the crossroads, Stuart concluded that larger attack might carry the day.  As such, he directed the bulk of Lee and Hamptons brigades to charge forward.  As the enemy came under fire from Union artillery, Gregg directed the 1st Michigan Cavalry to charge forward.  Advancing with Custer in the lead, this regiment smashed into the charging Confederates.  With the fighting swirling, Custers outnumbered men began to be pushed back.  Seeing the tide turning, McIntoshs men entered the fray with the 1st New Jersey and 3rd Pennsylvania striking the Confederate flank.  Under attack from multiple directions, Stuarts men began to fall back to the shelter of the woods and Cress Ridge.  Though Union forces attempted a pursuit, a rearguard action by the 1st Virginia blunted this effort. Gettysburg-East Cavalry Fight - Aftermath:   In the fighting east of Gettysburg, Union casualties numbered 284 while Stuarts men lost 181.  A victory for the improving Union cavalry, the action prevented Stuart from riding around Meades flank and striking the Army of the Potomacs rear.  To the west, Longstreets assault on the Union center, later dubbed Picketts Charge, was turned back with massive losses.  Though victorious, Meade elected not to mount a counterattack against Lees wounded army citing the exhaustion of his own forces.  Personally taking the blame the defeat, Lee ordered the Army of Northern Virginia to commence a retreat south on the evening of July 4.  The victory at Gettysburg and Major General Ulysses S. Grants triumph at Vicksburg on July 4 marked the turning points of the Civil War.   Selected Sources Echoes of Gettysburg: East Cavalry FieldCivil War Trust: Gettysburg-East Cavalry FieldEast Cavalry Field: Battle of Gettysburg

Free Essays on Comparison Of Landscapes

For the assignment I selected two landscape drawings. One is of the outskirts of the city of Padua and the other is a drawing from Donato Creti. There are many different ways to draw landscapes, as each of the two drawings show. In the drawing of the city Padua, the artist, gives us the perception that the drawing is taken place out side the city. The artist uses the city as a horizon line across the center of the drawing. In the drawing the artist uses a lot of diagonal lines to create a downward feeling, almost like your standing at a top of a hill and looking down on the city. To create make something dark or create a shadow of something the artist has a tendency to use thicker lines that are closer together to create the image. While the artist still has areas that he uses solid black, it is not a common theme throughout the drawing. Looking at the drawing you get the feel that the sun is behind the artist because darker lines in the center of the drawing, almost in the spot of where a shadow would be created by the building. There is not an even balance between the black and whites. It is too much contrast. I think it was done this way for the sole purpose of creating and defining the shadows of the dra wing. Possibly giving us a clue as to the time of day that the artist drew this picture. What intrigues me most about this drawing, and I will go over this again with the next drawing, is why this spot? Why not higher on the hill, if it is indeed a hill. Why not 200 feet to the right, or left, or why not in a completely different location? My next drawing is, Donato Creti’s, youth and nymph. Unlike the last drawing where the artist used diagonal lines to create a downward feeling, this time Creti stays away from straight lines as much as possible and uses location to create and upward feeling. In the drawing there is what appears to be two mountains towards the top of the drawing. There is one that is closer, yet smaller then the... Free Essays on Comparison Of Landscapes Free Essays on Comparison Of Landscapes For the assignment I selected two landscape drawings. One is of the outskirts of the city of Padua and the other is a drawing from Donato Creti. There are many different ways to draw landscapes, as each of the two drawings show. In the drawing of the city Padua, the artist, gives us the perception that the drawing is taken place out side the city. The artist uses the city as a horizon line across the center of the drawing. In the drawing the artist uses a lot of diagonal lines to create a downward feeling, almost like your standing at a top of a hill and looking down on the city. To create make something dark or create a shadow of something the artist has a tendency to use thicker lines that are closer together to create the image. While the artist still has areas that he uses solid black, it is not a common theme throughout the drawing. Looking at the drawing you get the feel that the sun is behind the artist because darker lines in the center of the drawing, almost in the spot of where a shadow would be created by the building. There is not an even balance between the black and whites. It is too much contrast. I think it was done this way for the sole purpose of creating and defining the shadows of the dra wing. Possibly giving us a clue as to the time of day that the artist drew this picture. What intrigues me most about this drawing, and I will go over this again with the next drawing, is why this spot? Why not higher on the hill, if it is indeed a hill. Why not 200 feet to the right, or left, or why not in a completely different location? My next drawing is, Donato Creti’s, youth and nymph. Unlike the last drawing where the artist used diagonal lines to create a downward feeling, this time Creti stays away from straight lines as much as possible and uses location to create and upward feeling. In the drawing there is what appears to be two mountains towards the top of the drawing. There is one that is closer, yet smaller then the...

3 Reasons Authors Shouldnt Worry About Piracy - Joanna Penn

3 Reasons Authors Shouldnt Worry About Piracy - Joanna Penn 3 Reasons Authors Shouldnt Worry About Piracy but How to Protect Yourself Anyway New authors worry about piracy, especially in this age of digital publishing and online marketing. Yes, piracy happens, but here’s why you shouldn’t let fear keep you from putting your words out into the world. 1. Serious readers prefer to buy books rather than download  stolen copies Most of the reading public are book lovers, law-abiding (usually) citizens, and want to compensate you for your creative work. Trust your readers. A  Personal Example I noticed a customer had bought two copies of the same ebook from my website. I emailed her, assuming that she must have clicked twice by mistake, and I wanted to refund her. She explained that she had bought a copy for herself and one for a friend. I was thrilled, of course, because she could have just shared the file. Hugh Howey, the bestselling sci-fi author of WOOL,  shares on his site  that one reader downloaded his book through a pirate site, then sent him money later in recognition of a good book. Most readers want to  help  authors, not harm them. Those who download from pirate sites are not likely to be your target market anyway. 2. Some authors use piracy as a marketing strategy Paulo Coelho, author of the worldwide hit  The Alchemist,  deliberately  leaked his ebooks in Russia  on piracy networks  . His sales went from 1,000 per year to over 1 million, because those free books gave him more visibility in a hard-to-reach market.  He says of piracy, â€Å"It’s a medal to any writer who understands that there is no better reward than being read.† Self-help writer,  Tim Ferriss, used Bit Torrent file sharing site  for the launch of his  New York Times  bestseller,  The Four Hour Chef,  and generated hundreds of thousands of sales from free downloads. Fantasy writer, Neil Gaiman, talks about  piracy as a modern-day version of lending a physical book. Broader distribution means a broader audience and a broader audience means more sales. After all, the most pirated books in the world are by the most successful authors, like JK Rowling or George RR Martin. Tim O’Reilly says,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"For a typical author, obscurity is a far greater threat than piracy.† So, is it better to be pirated and have your book read or have your unseen manuscript sit in a drawer? 3. What are you  really  afraid of? If youre not writing or publishing because youre afraid someone will pirate your books or your ideas, you might need to consider other issues. Steven Pressfield talks about creative resistance in his book,  The War of Art. Stopping writing because you fear piracy is a form of resistance. Its something your lizard brain- that primal part that tries to keep you safe- can distract you with, when really you need to get your butt in the chair and finish your book. It’s scary to put your words out into the world. You might be judged. You might fail. You might get a one-star review. Maybe no one will even notice your book. Such fears are part of the creative process we all go through. Don’t let the pirates stop you from fulfilling your goals. How Can You Protect Yourself? Register your copyright  so you have proof if you need to challenge anyone. This is not technically necessary, as you automatically copyright a work when you create it. But I’ve found it useful when challenged by Amazon to prove my ownership because someone tried to publish a duplicate book. Make sure your book is available in all formats and in all countries at the same time. If your ebook is not available in the UK when your US publisher launches it, don’t be surprised if an avid fan gets a bootleg copy because they just can’t wait. If your book is available only in print, why be surprised if it is scanned and uploaded as an ebook? Plenty of people (myself included) read only ebooks now, and you will lose a sale anyway if it’s not available in digital format. If you’re an indie author (self-published), you can release your books globally on the same day. If you’re traditionally published in one territory, consider self-publishing in other countries. Basically, if your book is available when and how a reader wants it, they are less likely to look for a pirated version. Set up an alert  with a free service like  Google Alerts. Use a couple of unique lines from your book so you will be notified if the text appears anywhere on pirate sites. If you use  digital ARCs  (Advance Reader Copies), consider a service like  BookFunnel.com  to deliver them. They can include a digital watermark and track who downloads the book. If your work has been pirated, email the site and ask for the material to be taken down. If they don’t comply,  issue a DCMA takedown notice. You can also notify the various search engines of infringement. For more detail on this, check out  A step-by-step guide to dealing with content theft  from attorney Helen Sedwick. Joanna Penn is a  New York Times  and  USA Today  bestselling author of supernatural thrillers as  J.F.Penn. She also writes inspirational nonfiction and is an award-winning entrepreneur and speaker. Her site,  TheCreativePenn.com  is regularly voted one of the top 10 sites for writers and self-publishers. Connect on twitter @thecreativepenn In comments, pose any questions or share your experience with literary piracy.

The Ethical Theories of Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Ethical Theories of Punishment - Essay Example These ethical theories of punishment, based on principles of reciprocity, the potential of human transformation and grace come into conflict with one another because of the differences in the intentions in imposing punishment as well as the effects of the punishment. Ethical considerations regarding punishment are of major consequence since its policies infiltrate into and guide all the systems of government: legislative, judicial and executive. The primary objective of punishment is to preserve law and order in society. It is a method implemented and harnessed by an authority to keep a level of stability in society. The moral barometer of society is most often directed according to the decisions taken by legislators and interpreted by the judiciary. Legally, punishment governs the justice and penal systems in which persons offending the law are brought to justice. The justice and penal systems are integral since human rights must be protected and maintained within these institutions , not only by men, but also by a divine figure. The administration of retributive justice by deity is a concept as old as time immemorial and  has been corroborated by our modern justice system. In classical Greece, retributive judgment had religious significance so that the Greeks even had a goddess, Nemesis, which personified and delivered retribution to her followers (Littleton 960). Nemesis is often depicted carrying a pair of scales to demonstrate fairness and inflicted punishment based on the indignation of the gods at particular crime or hubris. Not only in Greek religion but in every religion, there is a mandated form of justice or vengeance for contraventions of the law. Indeed, the goddess Lady Justice stands before major courthouses  and  Departments of Justice as the dispenser of punishment. Retributive punishment is the brand of punishment retaliatory in nature. Retribution dictates that offenders of the law must face a penalty for their attack on another. The pur pose of retribution is to have the guilty party suffer for a wrong committed and â€Å"provides limits that the punishment fit the crime† (Natarajan 75). The letter of the law imposes a cost on the part of the transgressor of the law in which the ancient retributive principle of â€Å"an eye for an eye† comes into effect. Retributive punishment places the fault of the crime squarely on the shoulders of the offender. In other words, you do the crime, you do the time. Society has instituted and leaned on a penal system for ages as a means of restraining offenders from threatening law-abiding citizens. Retributive punishment constitutes â€Å"one of those infringements of the holy will of God in society which can claim a formal legitimacy† (Bedau 439). Hence, one sees that present-day punishment is derived from a legacy of retributive justice. Retributive punishment follows the ethical principle of â€Å"an eye for an eye†¦- the amount of punishment is propor tioned to the degree of his responsibility† (Wood 635). In other words, punishment has to be tantamount to the offense. Taken from the Mosaic law, this law signifies that in penal law, offenders’ punishment has to be weighed alongside the crime. The penal system is to a large extent governed by this rule because of religious history and transferred values. Also, the natural reactive attitudes inherent to man compel him to reciprocate an injury done. Standards are set so that judge and jury sentence miscreants

Response to class members Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to class members - Assignment Example They have customers, in other words, that they have to please. When this happens, they sometimes lose their autonomy. They lose their â€Å"backbone,† which is also important to them as artists. I agree with you that Oprah is a good example of an artist with a backbone. She has a large role in changing perceptions about African Americans and women. She showed the world that her race and gender are not impediments to her success. In her case, her backbone has helped strengthen the backbones of others. Right now, Oprah is using her power to improve the lives of marginalized groups. I think that her work indicates a very significant role of artists. Artists contribute to their society, too. They contribute their art to the world, as well as their ideas and vision of a good society. In other words, art can also be life changing. I agree with what you said that artists have a role to express their individuality and to use art as a way of empowering themselves. Art is a subjective process and product. Artists use art to express their emotions and ideas. It helps them understand their identities and develop their skills. Like what you said, your brother uses his art to emphasize his individuality. You also mentioned that artists also have a role to inspire others. They have unique talents that let them make wonderful products that inspire their audience. Inspiring them causes them to think and to act. When you said, â€Å"Artists are the doormen of change,† this immensely struck me. Artwork, such as paintings, literature, and dances, can be powerful means of expressing new ideas and practices that can challenge and change old ones. The main goal is to change people, so that they can also change the world. Artists either create or feed sparks of changes that impact social conditions. I understand why you used Reba McEntire as an example. She makes country music that inspires others. It is a music that has a culture of its own, and

See description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

See description - Essay Example And as a result, Hinduism lacks a single trend or an individual whose actions can be attributed to the founding of the religion. Hinduism is believed to have developed during the Iron Age India, hence its classification as the earliest religion in the world. Hindu texts are split into two: the revealed (Śruti) and remembered (Smriti). Notably, these writings primarily discuss religion, societal values, myths, rites and the significance of temple within the society. Major scriptures are the knowledge (Vedas), philosophies (Upanishads), cosmology (Puranas), aspirations of life (Mahabharata), roles of various people (Ramayana), philosophical dialogue (Bhagavad Gita) and traditional doctrines (Āgamas). With about one billion faithful, Hinduism is the third largest spiritual organization in the world. According to Pauwels Hindu faithful generally seek guidance from God and blessings from Devas, though the latter is done occasionally (151). Hinduism is based on numerous practices geared towards inculcating the significance of God in everyday life. The faithful can worship anywhere. At home, followers often set up a place of worship and install icons devoted to their respective God. Temples carry the main deity and other associated ‘smaller’ gods. Worshipping at the temples is not mandatory, thus many visit the places only during important religious functions. The faithful do veneration through icons (Murtis), which they believe link man with God. Although, some refer to Hindu religion as henotheistic; that it involves loyalty to one god and allows the existence of others, the perception is a misunderstanding that should be

Econometric Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Econometric Analysis - Essay Example Its analysis has two principal purposes - to promote empirical content within particular economic theories and to subject such theories to potentially falsifying tests (Econometrics, Wikipedia, 2006). Taking the first, with the French data as example, it can be said that economic theory holds that consumption should be directly proportion to income while it should be inversely so to interest and unemployment rates. The available data should reflect this and thus provide empirical evidence of the theory's validity. The tests that the data will be subjected to will assist in this quest for empiric authenticity. Such tests should not only provide broad evidence of empiricism but should also assist in determining how much current variance there may be from theoretical reckoning and should thus provide reliable pointers as to why such variance is evident. It is, of course, incumbent upon theorists to interpret why there is variance, if evident after analysis, and this is done at the end o f the paper. To find empiric elements within the variables the first strategy adopted is to assume that a certain relation exists among the variables such that LCF (natural logarithm of real per capita consumption) is taken to be an endogenous variable series that is functionally dependent upon the other variable time series' - LYF (Natural logarithm of real per capita income), RF (real interest rate) and UF (unemployment rate). The following equation expresses a 'Population Linear Function' that is linear both in variables and parameters. The equation is as follows: LCFt = + LYFt + RFt + UFt + ut Here, , , and are the unknown parameters that are assumed to be linear, just as the variables LCF, LYF, RF and UF but this is still an assumption. This, together with the fact that the data has been acquired eccentrically, without due consideration for true series function, does not automatically relate parameters, also called estimators, statistically to their true corresponding values. Therefore, it is necessary to find certain other properties within the variables to enable this. This, however is not evident. Again, thus, some more assumptions have to be made such that, based on these second set of assumptions, certain statistical properties between the estimators and their true corresponding values can be assigned (OLS, Wikipedia, 2006; Estimators and Properties, 2006). This second set of assumptions is as follows. 1. The explanatory set of variables - LYF, RF and UF - is fixed. 2. For all n > 1, >0. Where, x stands for the variable and the mean of the series. This is true for all the variables. 3. =m>0. 4. Zero mean disturbance, E(u)=0. 5. Homoscedasticity: Var() = , is constant for all values of i. 6. Nonautocorrelation, Cov() = 0, where . 7. The error term 'u' has a Gaussian distribution such that, . (Assumptions based on: Estimators and Properties, 2006) A second equation, derived from the same data set and based linearly on the same set of assumption

Animation Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animation Critique - Essay Example Animation is a form of art in which a world of an energetic picture and sound may be incorporated entirely out of nothing except for an idea. The world of animation started emerging in the eyes of the general public before 1910. During the early days of animation, it was thought to be as labor intensive as many numerous drawings and paintings had to be made just to make a short few minute film. It took too many men and too much time just to make short films and was very hard as replicas of the same drawing had to be produced to bring in the motion effect in them. A very famous example of such hard work is of Winsor McCay. He was and still is known as the father of animated cartoons. MacCay was a fine hard working man and used to make his animations by himself alone. He did not use to ask for the help of the others and used to animate his films nearly single handedly by himself, from the foundation to the completion each cartoon was made by him and him alone (Crandol, n.pag) McCay was a fine animator and took his time to make his animations appear distinctive creative perspectives. He sometimes used to spend more than one year just to complete a five minute cartoon animation. This time duration was too long for the expanding viewers of the cinema world and thus the modern studios of animation came in to being. Walt Disney was the first animator in the whole world who added the effect of sound in his animations of Steamboat Willie in 1928. Later computerization changed the whole view of this industry. Toy Story that was released in 1995 was the first animated movie that was completely made on computers and this was done by the cooperation of Pixar Animation Studio and Walt Disney Animation Production (The Significance of Animation, n.pag). The production started at 1993 and the movie was released in November 1995 The movie was a hit

Why are some firms Born Global Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why are some firms Born Global - Essay Example The motivation behind this phenomenon has been the increasing ease in conducting international trade and the globalisation concept that is being embraced the world over where the globe is one big market. This paper shall seek to look at why some firms are born global and look into the risks that they face in international markets. Firms that are born global have various characteristics in common that are both internal and external and they have similar market strategies they use to approach the international market. The born global concept therefore circles around internationalisation of firms and thus their ultimate expansion strategy (Fillis 2001, pp. 767-83). As mentioned earlier these firms enter into the export market when they are relatively small and young and the drive to do this emanates from their perception of the world being a market place. They take advantage of this and venture into markets abroad. These firms have been a subject of intense research for many years and particularly for the last two decades. They were first labelled as innate exporters but these were more characterised by high level management skills as well as a broader and in-depth international business outlook. Some firms were also taken for study and they were the high technology ones. These firms were seen to sprout to the i nternational business arena right from their start. The basic reason for this was the nature of their products where they needed to venture into new market so as to have a wider market base for their exotic products. All these firms that were characterised by their speed to enter into the international market were later termed as International New Ventures (Child and Rita 2001, pp. 1135-48). The following diagram illustrates this concept better: Although it was mentioned earlier that born global firms have been under research for a number of years now, the various challenges they

Animation Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animation Critique - Essay Example Animation is a form of art in which a world of an energetic picture and sound may be incorporated entirely out of nothing except for an idea. The world of animation started emerging in the eyes of the general public before 1910. During the early days of animation, it was thought to be as labor intensive as many numerous drawings and paintings had to be made just to make a short few minute film. It took too many men and too much time just to make short films and was very hard as replicas of the same drawing had to be produced to bring in the motion effect in them. A very famous example of such hard work is of Winsor McCay. He was and still is known as the father of animated cartoons. MacCay was a fine hard working man and used to make his animations by himself alone. He did not use to ask for the help of the others and used to animate his films nearly single handedly by himself, from the foundation to the completion each cartoon was made by him and him alone (Crandol, n.pag) McCay was a fine animator and took his time to make his animations appear distinctive creative perspectives. He sometimes used to spend more than one year just to complete a five minute cartoon animation. This time duration was too long for the expanding viewers of the cinema world and thus the modern studios of animation came in to being. Walt Disney was the first animator in the whole world who added the effect of sound in his animations of Steamboat Willie in 1928. Later computerization changed the whole view of this industry. Toy Story that was released in 1995 was the first animated movie that was completely made on computers and this was done by the cooperation of Pixar Animation Studio and Walt Disney Animation Production (The Significance of Animation, n.pag). The production started at 1993 and the movie was released in November 1995 The movie was a hit

Greeting Cards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Greeting Cards - Research Paper Example Greeting cards has the potential to play a pivotal role in maintaining the goodwill of the business. The businesses use them to remind business partners of their presence. When businesses receive greeting cards on and off, they may also feel valued and important for the client. The feeling of importance may allow the business to take further interest in strengthening relationship ties with other clients. The application of greeting cards became modern just like other aspects of our lives. Nowadays, people are sending greeting cards through electronic means, but the people have lost the true taste of receiving them because human mind does not respond well towards online greeting cards in the same way. The human mind and personality internalizes stimulus in print more powerfully than electronic ones. The trend of building and forging social relations is also dying out in the modern era of the 21st century. The humans of modern times are very active on Facebook and they tend to enjoy their experience of socialization on the web. However, they are completely unaware of the fact that they might have thousands of friends on the internet. They do not have a shoulder to lean on in the times of sorrow. The modern friends remain part of one’s life during good times only, and they fly away on sighting the first sign of trouble. That is the difference between conventional friendship and modern one. In historical times, the buddy was even closer than one’s blood relatives (Fischer & Reuber, 2011). The present is witnessing breaking down of social relations that kept the community together. On the other hand, the online socialization sites are making billions by just getting people to place clicks so the humanity is dying out, and economic considerations have become very valuable during the process of selecting friends and partners. Human development and grooming occurred as a result of

Conditions Under Which Decisions Are Made Essay Example for Free

Conditions Under Which Decisions Are Made Essay In that way you already have measures in place knowing that should you be in an accident you will have an alternative transport whilst your car is being fixed. Also when you buy a TV, you are usually given one year guarantee and you can get more years at an extra cost. In this instance you know that should the year be over and you had added two years more, and your TV has a problem maybe in the second year, you can take it back as it will still be under guarantee because you would have added more years to cover it. Risk This is when individuals can define a problem, specify the probability of certain events, identify alternative solutions, and state the probability of each solution leading to the desired result. Like in the case of construction, the construction cost overrun risk has a possibility that during the design and construction phase, the actual project costs will exceed projected costs as a result of weather, supplier’s shortage, labour and subcontractor performance. In this case the probability that this will happen will be dependent on past weather records, and experience of the contractor. A decision is made under risk when a supervisor or superior can list all possibilities of outcomes with the decision that has been made and state the probability of each outcome. There are two types of probabilities, there is an objective probability whereby the supervisor or manager assigns probability based on experience or similar situations and there is a subjective probability whereby the supervisor or manager has little experience with a the decision made or no data at all. This type of probability is based on personal experience or gut feel. For example, a manager decides to spend R2500. 00 on a shoe advertisement believing there are three possible outcomes for the advertisement, a 30% chance the advertisement will have only a small effect on sales, a 50% chance of a moderate effect, and a 20% chance of a very large effect. This decision is made under risk because the manager can list each potential outcome and determine the probability of each outcome occurring. Uncertainty This is when an individual does not have the necessary information to assign probabilities to the outcomes of alternative solutions. In cases of uncertainty the alternative solutions and problems are both unclear. Uncertainty exists when a decision maker cannot list all possible outcomes and/or cannot assign probabilities to the various outcomes. When faced with uncertainty, a manager would know only the different decision options available and the different possible states of nature. The states of nature are the future events or conditions that can influence the final outcome or payoff of a decision but cannot be controlled or affected by the manager. An example of a decision made under uncertainty would be, for a company in South Africa to open a branch say in Zambia producing products that have never been sold in that country. In this instance the is uncertainty as to whether the product will sell or not because they are not sure how the people of that country will receive hence a lot of money will be put in that project.

Types of Alternative Dispute Resolutions

Types of Alternative Dispute Resolutions Introduction- This factsheet is about the different types of Alternative dispute resolutions (ADR), including advantages and disadvantages for each of them. ADR is a method mostly used for civil cases to deal with legal conflicts and disputes that are resolved privately other than through hearing in the public courts. Binding is a decision of an agreement or promise involving an obligation that cannot be broken. For example, tribunals have a panel of independent people (judge) who will make a decision for them. Non-binding is where the decision of agreement or promise requires both of the parties to come to an agreement. For example, a verbal agreement is considered to be non-binding because there is no legal force. You basically dont have to commit to any agreement, it is optional. Types of Alternative dispute resolutions Tribunals- usually sit as panel, 2 of which are specialised in the dispute that is getting solved and one who us hearing the case and potentially is the judge. However, tribunals have limited power to impose fines and penalties or to award compensation and costs. More than that the parties agree on a non-binding decision- in other words the tribunals can give their own opinion on how to resolve the case but they cannot enforce both of the parties on a legal settlement or a solution. This is similar to a court without the ritual or formality. They are involved in a number of specialist tribunal which bear their name: Employment Tribunals, Immigration Tribunals, and Social Security Tribunals etc. There are many types of tribunals but they may be classed as two main types: administrative and domestic.   Ã‚   Administrative individual v state e.g. Social Security Appeal Tribunal, Immigration Tribunal and Mental Health Review Tribunals. Note: exceptions e.g. Employment tribunals and rent tribunals Domestic Tribunals often set up by professional bodies to deal with in-house- issues and apply rules within that body. E.g. Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal, GMC, FA, GTC etc Advantages: Solving disputes using tribunals is quite cheap and cost effective as mostly expertise who are specialised in a certain field in civil law reduces the time needed and the cost of using a qualified judge. Disadvantages: Effectiveness Tribunals embrace many valuable assets in aiding the justice system. They are cost effective as tribunals do not charge a fee, and each party pays their own expenses compared to the courts where the loser pays for the legal fees of the winning party. Another way that tribunals are cost effective is the fact that there is no need for a specialized court house for cases to be heard. Tribunals are also less expense because members sitting on tribunal panels are cheaper to employ compared to judges and there is no need for legal representation. Mediation Mediation is Mediation is an effective way of resolving disputes without the need to go to court. It involves an independent third party a mediator who helps both sides come to an agreement. Reference from (http://www.civilmediation.org/about-mediation/29/what-is-mediation-) The role of the mediator is to help parties reach a solution to their problem and to arrive at a result that both parties are content to accept. Mediators avoids being biased, and are not favourable to one party when making judgements or giving guidance. They are basically responsible for developing effective communications and building compromise between the parties. The focus of a mediation meeting is to reach a common sense settlement agreeable to both parties in a case. Advantages: In Civil cases Mediation is quite simple and there are no complex rules therefore the case/dispute is solved efficiently there is a 3rd party involved, but have no active role i.e. no decision making therefore there is no determination of accountability, solution personalised to parties needs. As Parties are paying for mediation it encourages for them to settle to an agreement, because as they are paying for it they have more value for the ADR method they are using. This is also gives the parties are full participants and can express their own views and apprehensions, where in civil litigation the parties legal representative such as lawyers- are the only ones who represent their party unless the party takes the stand and is subject to question by the opposite advocate. The first advantage is that mediation is less costly than civil litigation for many reasons: Most mediators who specialise for example in construction charge by the hour rates and the mediation usually is completed in a short period of time between 1 to 2 days, this also saves time as litigation is more time-consuming. Preparation for mediation is far easier and simpler than is required to prepare for arbitration or litigation, this is because there is not a lot of paperwork needed. lawyers are not necessary but may participate at the request of a party, this makes their case more favourable as the would be a chance that one of the party who had a legal representative wins the case. However, If the parties choose to have a binding mediation, they will have a similar conclusiveness as binding arbitration offers. Which is without the formalities and costs associated with binding arbitration. In many cases, the mediation can be held at the home involved rather than needing to schedule a place/accommodation to visit and if needed, a separate arbitration hearing at a neutral location or litigation that must be held at a court of jurisdiction. In most instances, the mediator is experienced in the issues that are in dispute and can assist the parties in the reality of their opinions and positions, ultimately making the parties settle for an agreement. Lastly, the parties should not face court filing fees and its related expenses. Disadvantages: Even though there are normally no lawyers present at mediation, the agreement between the parties involved is legally binding in most judicial systems. Another disadvantage of mediation is that either party can withdraw from the proceedings at any time. Reference from (https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-mediation-adr-contract-law-essay.php) overall mediation is very successful, so there is a very less chance for the parties not to settle and have some sort of agreement. Effectiveness Mediation may be particularly useful when parties have a relationship they want to maintain. For instance, when family members, neighbours, or business partners have a dispute, mediation may be the ADR process to use. Mediation is also effective when emotions are getting in the way of resolution. An effective mediator can hear the parties out and help them communicate with each other in an effective and non-destructive manner. However, Mediation may not be effective if one of the parties is unwilling to co-operate or compromise for an overall settlement. Mediation also may not be effective if one of the parties has a significant advantage in power over the other i.e. may have a solicitor supporting them with their case. Therefore, it may not be a good choice if the parties have a history of abuse or victimisation. Negotiation-is at the core of most Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). It has been defined as any form of direct or indirect communication where both of the parties come with an agreement. It involves inspecting the facts of a situation, showing both the common and opposing interests of the parties involved, and bargaining to resolve as many issues as possible. negotiation is done by both of the parties having no third party involved both them alone. The aim is to negotiate and settle their differences by the parties having to compromise for agreement whilst avoiding argument and dispute. reference https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/negotiation.html#ixzz4Y7yz37Kf Advantages: It is completely confidential mostly for those people who are going to dispute a civil case and it is the quickest method because if both of the parties come to an agreement then the case doesnt have to go to the courts or need other types of ADR. Negation is much cheaper than taking the case to the court, meaning the parties wouldnt have to pay for lawyers or solicitors or the expenses of a 3rd party. Lastly it allows the parties flexibility in the terms of settlement such as negotiating money or compensation and potentially doesnt cost anything at all. However, no party is required to participate in a negotiation. The parties are free to accept or discard the outcome of negotiations and can withdraw at any point during the process. Also The parties are free to adopt whatever rules they choose, if any. Generally, they will agree on issues such as the subject matter, timing and location of negotiations. Further matters such as confidentiality, the number of negotiating sessions the p arties commit to, and which documents may be used, can also be addressed. Reference from http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/dprs-sprd/res/drrg-mrrc/03.html Disadvantages: If the parties cant resolve their problems on their own, their problem will continue unsettled and the parties must consider another process for resolution. This is a disadvantage because cost and expense would occur for both of the parties, and this is very unfair for people or group that are less fortunate to fun for other ADRs. another disadvantage is that, the parties themselves have to research laws and analyse their disputes amongst themselves by representing facts and evidence without legal representatives or 3rd parties. Effectiveness In my opinion negotiation is effective for very minor civil cases such as the tenant has not paid rent for 4 months. Both of the parties can negotiate Arbitration -in such an instance the courts will refuse to hear your claim until arbitration. In the process it may state how arbitration will proceed e.g. date time, venue etc. arbitration s free but the arbitrator will charge fee. An arbitrator essentially acts as a judge would if the case went to the court. The arbitrator will hear the dispute and gather evidence presented by the parties involved and will make a binding decision. The arbitrator essentially acts as a judge would if the case went to court. The arbitrator will hear arguments and evidence presented by the parties involved in the dispute and will make a binding decision to resolve the disagreement. Advantages Arbitration, involves two parties in a dispute who agree to work with a disinterested third party in an attempt to resolve the dispute privately. Arbitration process is fairly quick. Once an arbitrator is selected, the case can be heard immediately. Disadvantages Effectiveness Arbitration is best for cases where the parties want another person to decide the outcome of their dispute for them but would like to avoid the formality, time, and expense of a trial. It may also be appropriate for complex matters where the parties want a decision-maker who has training or experience that are specialist in the subject matter of the dispute. On the other hand, If parties want to retain control over how their dispute is resolved, arbitration, particularly binding arbitration, is not appropriate. In binding arbitration, the parties generally cannot appeal the arbitrators award, even if it is not supported by the evidence or the law. Even in nonbinding arbitration, if a party requests a trial and does not receive a more favourable result at trial than in arbitration, there may be penalties Conciliation Comparable to mediation because there is a third party involved. However, it plays a more active role, e.g. make suggestions on settlement and/ or suggestions on any compromises that should be made within the parties disputes. At some point during the conciliation, the conciliator will be asked by the parties to offer a non-binding settlement proposal. This means that the agreement isnt compulsory and can be denied by the parties if they wish not to settle. Advantages: Conciliation allows the parties to have flexibility as they can choose their own timing and language, place, structure and content of the conciliation proceedings whereas the court gives you their own place, timing and the structure of content for example- whatever the date of the hearings, the party would have to be present there and then. As a conciliator you do not need a professional background i.e. any qualifications. Both conciliation is analytical and make a fair judgement. However, the process for conciliation is not legally binding so both of the parties do not have to negotiate a settlement. On the other hand, if the parties where solving their disputes in the court, it would be a process that is legally binding so the judges will decide on the settlement and they both have to agree with it. Disadvantages: Effectiveness Conclusion

Colonial Fiction: Mister Johnson Essay -- Essays Papers

Colonial Fiction: Mister Johnson The relationship between Rudbeck and Mister Johnson is extremely revealing with regards to the experience of the European administrators and the co-operation of the Nigerians in the colonial endeavour. Johnson is keenly aware that superiority for natives directly depends upon being on good terms with the coloniser. He consistently emphasises his belief that Rudbeck is his ''good friend'', and how he is ''mos' indispensable to ... His Majesty's service'' (85). It could be argued that this should not be passed off as simple native fantasy, put in for the amusement of the European reader. In many cases, Johnson is ''indispensable'' to the inexperienced Rudbeck, and throughout the novel, Johnson is constantly seen as the innovator in the relationship. In two important and inextricably linked areas, finances and roadbuilding, it is not the colonial government which responds to the needs of Rudbeck, but Johnson. As if to push this European dependence on the native a little further, Cary suggests that Rudbeck relies on Johnson in his personal life as well. For example, while Rudbeck is working on the road, Johnson is left to entertain his wife, Celia, an act of trust that both shocks and impresses the natives. We are told that ''this greatly increases [Johnson's] prestige in Fada, where the Emir does not even trust his chief eunuch with his wives'' (87). Concern over finances is a predominant theme throughout the novel, both for Johnson who constantly seems to be in debt, and Rudbeck who, due to the stringency of the Treasury, never has sufficient money or resources to carry out developments to the extent he would like. The reader is given the impression that, if he could , Rudbeck would be doing much more with Fada. He is a man of action, who longs to get out on the roads, working hard physically. Yet his ambitions are constantly frustrated, and he is left ''suffering'' (57) in his office, itching to get out again. On many levels - financial constraints, inexperience, communication difficult - his hands are tied. Johnson's personal finances never seem to pose the same extent of problems to him as do Rudbeck's. When dealing with finances, Rudbeck's ''many sudden depressions'' (77) often climax, and he simply concedes that everything is ''all damn nonsense, anyhow'' (53). Rudbeck knows only too well that he can expec... ... basics of what he expected from them. However, they are intelligent enough to let Rudbeck do ''most of the work himself'' (55) in the blistering African sun. Cary is hinting that the natives are not as gullible as the coloniser would like to believe. In reality, they are much more subversive. Indeed native subversion and resistance could be seen as one the key themes throughout the novel. In other cases, for example, Cary is not so subtle. He openly portrays Waziri offering Johnson favours and bribes to keep him informed about the contents of Rudbeck's safe, which contains all the papers and information sent from Britain, communications which were essential for indirect rule - a role Johnson carries out without a second thought concerning any moral loyalty to Rudbeck. As Cary sees it, in the colonial project, personalities and individuals are of no concern. In the imperialist longing for supremacy and the natives' response to this, people are used and discarded at will. Cary gives every indication that the problems faced by Rudbeck are universal throughout the colonial project. The plight of the colonial administrator seems doomed to a life of confusion and disillusionment.

“Beowulf” References Essay

  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Beowulf† is rich in references to Fate, which is described or as a â€Å"armor of Creator† and identical to divine intent, or is shown as an independent force. Really, belief in Fate took primary place in before-Christian ideology of Germans. During the battle with Grendel’s mother, Fate as force unites with Fate as divine intent. Although Beowulf is an instrument in divine hands, in hands of Fate, for his people he IS the Fate – he embodies Fate. He says: â€Å"Fate goes ever as fate must† (line 455). Beowulf believes in fate and he challenges it – when he comes to Chrodgar and asks him to give him honor to protect fortress from monster Grendel, he tells that fate should judge and decide who’ll stay alive. And if he’ll be killed, so this is fate. He says about fate also when he remembers his contest with Brecca, where they wanted to find out who is the better swimmer, when they swam for 5 days, and then lost each other in the sea; a sea monster attacked him, but again, fate saved Beowulf: by his own words â€Å"Fate often saves an undoomed man if his courage holds.† (â€Å"Beowulf†) He believed in honesty and fate, so he took off his chain armor and sword and gave all this to his companion – he could kill Grendel by sword, but he wanted to win in an honest contest – this was his free will. Grendel is (as we can see in text) sent by Fate; they call him â€Å"Cain’s son† and a devil, which came to punish the people. Grendel is â€Å"darkness† and Beowulf is â€Å"light† – this tension between dark and light is repeated in the text several times. Although Grendel came, expecting â€Å"plentiful meat†, â€Å"It was his fate that he eat no more of the race of men after that night†. Grendel is called â€Å"Grendel, Hell’s friend, God’s enemy† (â€Å"Beowulf†) Beowulf kills Grendel being a Fate instrument: â€Å"The end of Grendel’s life was   miserable, and he would travel   far into the hands of fiends. Grendel, the foe of God, who had   long troubled the spirits of men with his crimes, found that   his body could not stand against the hand grip of that warrior†. (â€Å"Beowulf†) When Beowulf embodies â€Å"good†, Grendel embodies â€Å"evil†. Grendel and Daghrevn (lets compare with English â€Å"dark raven†) – it indicates the real essence of Daghrevn. Remember that in middle age â€Å"Northern† poetics raven is a symbol of trouble and Fate (Hamilton, M.P, p.113). And when Beowulf kills Daghrevn – it embodies the new stage in the life of Beowulf – stage of struggle with Fate. In case killing of Grendel is necessity, killing of dragon has element of chance. Mystical power of Daghrevn is higher then even Grendel’s mother had, so here is the Fate. The destiny of Beowulf is decided after he killed dragon – from now on the instrument of fate is not Beowulf- it is dragon, who (how it was repeated not once, from formal point of view) was right. But Beowulf also was right. So, Beowulf acts from the God, and dragon from the Fate (Blackburn, F.A, p.45). But, because Fate is a divine justice, both Beowulf and dragon die. In another case it would be that the God had contradictions with himself, it means, with his instrument – the Fate, which is immanent to him. Continuum is stabilized. The God is united with his divine instrument – the Fate. Works Cited: Anonymous, Beowulf Klaeber, F.R. ed. D.C. Heath & Co. 1950. Hamilton, M.P. â€Å"The Religious Principle† in An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism. University of Notre Dame Press. 1963. Blackburn, F.A. â€Å"The Christian Colouring in the Beowulf† in An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism. University of Notre Dame Press. 1963.